If the turkey is frozen, thaw it completely in the refrigerator several days before roasting. This is the best time to brine, too!
Remove the turkey from the fridge and take out the giblets. Pat it dry with paper towels and let it rest at room temperature for 1 to 2 hours. If you used a dry brine, remove it completely along with anything that collected in the roasting pan, then discard the brine. Pat the turkey very dry. Let it sit on the counter for 1 to 2 hours before slathering it with the compound butter.
Preheat the oven to 450°F and position the rack on the lowest level.
In a food processor, combine the butter, lemon zest, 1 handful of each herb, 1 teaspoon salt, and ½ teaspoon pepper. Pulse until smooth and evenly mixed.
Place the turkey breast side up on a roasting rack in a large roasting pan. Rub the herb butter under the skin and all over the outside. Season with salt and pepper.
Stuff the cavity with the remaining herbs and lemon halves. Tie the legs together with kitchen twine.
Roast for 30 minutes at 450°F. Then reduce the temperature to 350°F and continue roasting for about 2 to 2½ hours, basting every 30 to 45 minutes.
Begin checking the internal temperature after about 2½ hours. Insert a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the breast and the innermost part of the thigh, avoiding the bone. Aim for 160°F in the breast, allowing carryover cooking to bring it to 165°F during resting, and 175–180°F in the thigh for tender dark meat. If the breast is cooking faster, loosely shield it with foil while the thighs finish cooking. Verify that the breast reaches 165°F before carving.
If the skin needs more color, increase the heat to 450°F for the last 10 to 15 minutes.
Remove the turkey from the oven and rest for 20 to 30 minutes before carving.